Search for very-high-energy γ-ray emission from Galactic globular clusters with H.E.S.S

Abramowski, A.; Acero, F.; Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A.G.; Anton, G.; Balenderan, S.; Balzer, A.; Barnacka, A.; Becherini, Y.; Becker Tjus, J.; Bernlöhr, K.; Birsin, E.; Biteau, J.; Bochow, A.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bordas, P.; Brucker, J.; Brun, F.; Brun, P.; Bulik, T.; Carrigan, S.; Casanova, S.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.M.; Chaves, R.C.G.; Cheesebrough, A.; Colafrancesco, S.; Cologna, G.; Conrad, J.; Couturier, C.; Dalton, M.; Daniel, M.K.; Davids, I.D.; Degrange, B.; Deil, C.; deWilt, P.; Dickinson, H.J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Domainko, W.; Drury, L.O'C.; Dubus, G.; Dutson, K.; Dyks, J.; Dyrda, M.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Espigat, P.; Fallon, L.; Farnier, C.; Fegan, S.; Feinstein, F.; Fernandes, M.V.; Fernandez, D.; Fiasson, A.; Fontaine, G.; Förster, A.; Füßling, M.; Gajdus, M.; Gallant, Y.A.; Garrigoux, T.; Gast, H.; Giebels, B.; Glicenstein, J.F.; Glück, B.; Göring, D.; Grondin, M.-H.; Grudzińska, M.; Häffner, S.; Hague, J.D.; Hahn, J.; Hampf, D.; Harris, J.; Heinz, S.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hillert, A.; Hinton, J.A.; Hofmann, W.; Hofverberg, P.; Holler, M.; Horns, D.; Jacholkowska, A.; Jahn, C.; Jamrozy, M.; Jung, I.; Kastendieck, M.A.; Katarzyński, K.; Katz, U.; Kaufmann, S.; Khélifi, B.; Klepser, S.; Klochkov, D.; Kluźniak, W.; Kneiske, T.; Kolitzus, D.; Komin, Nu; Kosack, K.; Kossakowski, R.; Krayzel, F.; Krüger, P.P.; Laffon, H.; Lamanna, G.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.-P.; Lennarz, D.; Lohse, T.; Lopatin, A.; Lu, C.-C.; Marandon, V.; Marcowith, A.; Masbou, J.; Maurin, G.; Maxted, N.; Mayer, M.; McComb, T.J.L.; Medina, M.C.; Méhault, J.; Menzler, U.; Moderski, R.; Mohamed, M.; Moulin, E.; Naumann, C.L.; Naumann-Godo, M.; de Naurois, M.; Nedbal, D.; Nguyen, N.; Niemiec, J.; Nolan, S.J.; Ohm, S.; de Oña Wilhelmi, E.; Opitz, B.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I.; Panter, M.; Parsons, R.D.; Paz Arribas, M.; Pekeur, N.W.; Pelletier, G.; Perez, J.; Petrucci, P.-O.; Peyaud, B.; Pita, S.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Raab, S.; Raue, M.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Renaud, M.; de los Reyes, R.; Rieger, F.; Ripken, J.; Rob, L.; Rosier-Lees, S.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rulten, C.B.; Sahakian, V.; Sanchez, D.A.; Santangelo, A.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schulz, A.; Schwanke, U.; Schwarzburg, S.; Schwemmer, S.; Sheidaei, F.; Skilton, J.L.; Sol, H.; Spengler, G.; Stawarz, Ł; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Stinzing, F.; Stycz, K.; Sushch, I.; Szostek, A.; Tavernet, J.-P.; Terrier, R.; Tluczykont, M.; Trichard, C.; Valerius, K.; van Eldik, C.; Vasileiadis, G.; Venter, C.; Viana, A.; Vincent, P.; Völk, H.J.; Volpe, F.; Vorobiov, S.; Vorster, M.; Wagner, S.J.; Ward, M.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wouters, D.; Zacharias, M.; Zajczyk, A.; Zdziarski, A.A.; Zech, A.; Zechlin, H.-S.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220719

Search for very-high-energy γ-ray emission from Galactic globular clusters with H.E.S.S

Abramowski, A.; Acero, F.; Aharonian, F.; Akhperjanian, A.G.; Anton, G.; Balenderan, S.; Balzer, A.; Barnacka, A.; Becherini, Y.; Becker Tjus, J.; Bernlöhr, K.; Birsin, E.; Biteau, J.; Bochow, A.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bordas, P.; Brucker, J.; Brun, F.; Brun, P.; Bulik, T.; Carrigan, S.; Casanova, S.; Cerruti, M.; Chadwick, P.M.; Chaves, R.C.G.; Cheesebrough, A.; Colafrancesco, S.; Cologna, G.; Conrad, J.; Couturier, C.; Dalton, M.; Daniel, M.K.; Davids, I.D.; Degrange, B.; Deil, C.; deWilt, P.; Dickinson, H.J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Domainko, W.; Drury, L.O'C.; Dubus, G.; Dutson, K.; Dyks, J.; Dyrda, M.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Espigat, P.; Fallon, L.; Farnier, C.; Fegan, S.; Feinstein, F.; Fernandes, M.V.; Fernandez, D.; Fiasson, A.; Fontaine, G.; Förster, A.; Füßling, M.; Gajdus, M.; Gallant, Y.A.; Garrigoux, T.; Gast, H.; Giebels, B.; Glicenstein, J.F.; Glück, B.; Göring, D.; Grondin, M.-H.; Grudzińska, M.; Häffner, S.; Hague, J.D.; Hahn, J.; Hampf, D.; Harris, J.; Heinz, S.; Heinz...

Authors

A. Abramowski

F. Acero

F. Aharonian

A.G. Akhperjanian

G. Anton

S. Balenderan

A. Balzer

A. Barnacka

Y. Becherini

J. Becker Tjus

K. Bernlöhr

E. Birsin

J. Biteau

A. Bochow

C. Boisson

J. Bolmont

P. Bordas

J. Brucker

F. Brun

P. Brun

T. Bulik

S. Carrigan

S. Casanova

M. Cerruti

Professor Paula Chadwick p.m.chadwick@durham.ac.uk
Head Of Department

R.C.G. Chaves

A. Cheesebrough

S. Colafrancesco

G. Cologna

J. Conrad

C. Couturier

M. Dalton

M.K. Daniel

I.D. Davids

B. Degrange

C. Deil

P. deWilt

H.J. Dickinson

A. Djannati-Ataï

W. Domainko

L.O'C. Drury

G. Dubus

K. Dutson

J. Dyks

M. Dyrda

K. Egberts

P. Eger

P. Espigat

L. Fallon

C. Farnier

S. Fegan

F. Feinstein

M.V. Fernandes

D. Fernandez

A. Fiasson

G. Fontaine

A. Förster

M. Füßling

M. Gajdus

Y.A. Gallant

T. Garrigoux

H. Gast

B. Giebels

J.F. Glicenstein

B. Glück

D. Göring

M.-H. Grondin

M. Grudzińska

S. Häffner

J.D. Hague

J. Hahn

D. Hampf

J. Harris

S. Heinz

G. Heinzelmann

G. Henri

G. Hermann

A. Hillert

J.A. Hinton

W. Hofmann

P. Hofverberg

M. Holler

D. Horns

A. Jacholkowska

C. Jahn

M. Jamrozy

I. Jung

M.A. Kastendieck

K. Katarzyński

U. Katz

S. Kaufmann

B. Khélifi

S. Klepser

D. Klochkov

W. Kluźniak

T. Kneiske

D. Kolitzus

Nu Komin

K. Kosack

R. Kossakowski

F. Krayzel

P.P. Krüger

H. Laffon

G. Lamanna

J. Lefaucheur

M. Lemoine-Goumard

J.-P. Lenain

D. Lennarz

T. Lohse

A. Lopatin

C.-C. Lu

V. Marandon

A. Marcowith

J. Masbou

G. Maurin

N. Maxted

M. Mayer

T.J.L. McComb

M.C. Medina

J. Méhault

U. Menzler

R. Moderski

M. Mohamed

E. Moulin

C.L. Naumann

M. Naumann-Godo

M. de Naurois

D. Nedbal

N. Nguyen

J. Niemiec

Professor Sam Nolan s.j.nolan@durham.ac.uk
Director Of Dcad

S. Ohm

E. de Oña Wilhelmi

B. Opitz

M. Ostrowski

I. Oya

M. Panter

R.D. Parsons

M. Paz Arribas

N.W. Pekeur

G. Pelletier

J. Perez

P.-O. Petrucci

B. Peyaud

S. Pita

G. Pühlhofer

M. Punch

A. Quirrenbach

S. Raab

M. Raue

A. Reimer

O. Reimer

M. Renaud

R. de los Reyes

F. Rieger

J. Ripken

L. Rob

S. Rosier-Lees

G. Rowell

B. Rudak

C.B. Rulten

V. Sahakian

D.A. Sanchez

A. Santangelo

R. Schlickeiser

A. Schulz

U. Schwanke

S. Schwarzburg

S. Schwemmer

F. Sheidaei

J.L. Skilton

H. Sol

G. Spengler

Ł Stawarz

R. Steenkamp

C. Stegmann

F. Stinzing

K. Stycz

I. Sushch

A. Szostek

J.-P. Tavernet

R. Terrier

M. Tluczykont

C. Trichard

K. Valerius

C. van Eldik

G. Vasileiadis

C. Venter

A. Viana

P. Vincent

H.J. Völk

F. Volpe

S. Vorobiov

M. Vorster

S.J. Wagner

Professor Martin Ward martin.ward@durham.ac.uk
External Examiner (PGR)

R. White

A. Wierzcholska

D. Wouters

M. Zacharias

A. Zajczyk

A.A. Zdziarski

A. Zech

H.-S. Zechlin

Abstract

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) are established emitters of high-energy (HE, 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) γ-ray radiation which could originate from the cumulative emission of the numerous millisecond pulsars (msPSRs) in the clusters’ cores or from inverse Compton (IC) scattering of relativistic leptons accelerated in the GC environment. These stellar clusters could also constitute a new class of sources in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) γ-ray regime, judging from the recent detection of a signal from the direction of Terzan 5 with the H.E.S.S. telescope array. Aims. To search for VHE γ-ray sources associated with other GCs, and to put constraints on leptonic emission models, we systematically analyzed the observations towards 15 GCs taken with the H.E.S.S. array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Methods. We searched for point-like and extended VHE γ-ray emission from each GC in our sample and also performed a stacking analysis combining the data from all GCs to investigate the hypothesis of a population of faint emitters. Assuming IC emission as the origin of the VHE γ-ray signal from the direction of Terzan 5, we calculated the expected γ-ray flux from each of the 15 GCs, based on their number of millisecond pulsars, their optical brightness and the energy density of background photon fields. Results. We did not detect significant VHE γ-ray emission from any of the 15 GCs in either of the two analyses. Given the uncertainties related to the parameter determinations, the obtained flux upper limits allow to rule out the simple IC/msPSR scaling model for NGC 6388 and NGC 7078. The upper limits derived from the stacking analyses are factors between 2 and 50 below the flux predicted by the simple leptonic scaling model, depending on the assumed source extent and the dominant target photon fields. Therefore, Terzan 5 still remains exceptional among all GCs, as the VHE γ-ray emission either arises from extra-ordinarily efficient leptonic processes, or from a recent catastrophic event, or is even unrelated to the GC itself.

Citation

Abramowski, A., Acero, F., Aharonian, F., Akhperjanian, A., Anton, G., Balenderan, S., …Zechlin, H. (2013). Search for very-high-energy γ-ray emission from Galactic globular clusters with H.E.S.S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 551, Article A26. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220719

Journal Article Type	Article
Publication Date	Mar 1, 2013
Deposit Date	Mar 25, 2013
Publicly Available Date	Jul 15, 2014
Journal	Astronomy and astrophysics.
Print ISSN	0004-6361
Electronic ISSN	1432-0746
Publisher	EDP Sciences
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	551
Article Number	A26
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220719
Keywords	Globular clusters: general, Radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, Pulsars: general, Gamma rays: general.