Calendars Tell History: Social Rhythm and Social Change in Rural Pakistan

Mughal, M.A.Z.

doi:10.1080/02757206.2014.930034

Calendars Tell History: Social Rhythm and Social Change in Rural Pakistan

Mughal, M.A.Z.

Authors

M.A.Z. Mughal

Abstract

Time is an important element of social organization. The temporal models such as the calendar provide social rhythm by regulating various activities. The changing ways of managing time are indicative of social change. This paper presents the changing use of different calendars in Jhokwala Village, Lodhran District, Pakistan. Three calendars are used in most parts of the Punjab to varying degrees for various purposes. These are Bikrami, Islamic Hijri and Gregorian calendars. Each of these calendars has a specific history of use. This paper highlights that people choose between various alternatives in the course of history and the changing use of calendars tells the story of change and continuity in culture and people's attitude towards modern technology and social change.

Citation

Mughal, M. (2014). Calendars Tell History: Social Rhythm and Social Change in Rural Pakistan. History and Anthropology, 25(5), 592-613. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2014.930034

Journal Article Type	Article
Publication Date	Jun 18, 2014
Deposit Date	Jul 6, 2014
Publicly Available Date	Nov 20, 2014
Journal	History and Anthropology
Print ISSN	0275-7206
Electronic ISSN	1477-2612
Publisher	Taylor and Francis Group
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	25
Issue	5
Pages	592-613
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2014.930034
Keywords	Social change, Anthropology of time, Calendars, Pakistan, Rural social organization.

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Copyright Statement
This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in History and Anthropology on 18/06/2014, available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/02757206.2014.930034.