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Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME

Godoy, P.; Hewitt, N.J.; Albrecht, U.; Andersen, M.E.; Ansari, N.; Bhattacharya, S.; Bode, J.G.; Bolleyn, J.; Borner, C.; Böttger, J.; Braeuning, A.; Budinsky, R.A.; Burkhardt, B.; Cameron, N.R.; Camussi, G.; Cho, C.S.; Choi, Y.J.; Craig, Rowlands J.; Dahmen, U.; Damm, G.; Dirsch, O.; Donato, M.T.; Dong, J.; Dooley, S.; Drasdo, D.; Eakins, R.; Ferreira, K.S.; Fonsato, V.; Fraczek, J.; Gebhardt, R.; Gibson, A.; Glanemann, M.; Goldring, C.E.; Gómez-Lechón, M.J.; Groothuis, G.M.; Gustavsson, L.; Guyot, C.; Hallifax, D.; Hammad, S.; Hayward, A.; Häussinger, D.; Hellerbrand, C.; Hewitt, P.; Hoehme, S.; Holzhütter, H.G.; Houston, J.B.; Hrach, J.; Ito, K.; Jaeschke, H.; Keitel, V.; Kelm, J.M.; Kevin Park, B.; Kordes, C.; Kullak-Ublick, G.A.; LeCluyse, E.L.; Lu, P.; Luebke-Wheeler, J.; Lutz, A.; Maltman, D.J.; Matz-Soja, M.; McMullen, P.; Merfort, I.; Messner, S.; Meyer, C.; Mwinyi, J.; Naisbitt, D.J.; Nussler, A.K.; Olinga, P.; Pampaloni, F.; Pi, J.; Pluta, L.; Przyborski, S.A.; Ramachandran,...

Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME Thumbnail


Authors

P. Godoy

N.J. Hewitt

U. Albrecht

M.E. Andersen

N. Ansari

S. Bhattacharya

J.G. Bode

J. Bolleyn

C. Borner

J. Böttger

A. Braeuning

R.A. Budinsky

B. Burkhardt

N.R. Cameron

G. Camussi

C.S. Cho

Y.J. Choi

Rowlands J. Craig

U. Dahmen

G. Damm

O. Dirsch

M.T. Donato

J. Dong

S. Dooley

D. Drasdo

R. Eakins

K.S. Ferreira

V. Fonsato

J. Fraczek

R. Gebhardt

A. Gibson

M. Glanemann

C.E. Goldring

M.J. Gómez-Lechón

G.M. Groothuis

L. Gustavsson

C. Guyot

D. Hallifax

S. Hammad

A. Hayward

D. Häussinger

C. Hellerbrand

P. Hewitt

S. Hoehme

H.G. Holzhütter

J.B. Houston

J. Hrach

K. Ito

H. Jaeschke

V. Keitel

J.M. Kelm

B. Kevin Park

C. Kordes

G.A. Kullak-Ublick

E.L. LeCluyse

P. Lu

J. Luebke-Wheeler

A. Lutz

D.J. Maltman

M. Matz-Soja

P. McMullen

I. Merfort

S. Messner

C. Meyer

J. Mwinyi

D.J. Naisbitt

A.K. Nussler

P. Olinga

F. Pampaloni

J. Pi

L. Pluta

A. Ramachandran

V. Rogiers

C. Rowe

C. Schelcher

K. Schmich

M. Schwarz

B. Singh

E.H. Stelzer

B. Stieger

R. Stöber

Y. Sugiyama

C. Tetta

W.E. Thasler

T. Vanhaecke

M. Vinken

T.S. Weiss

A. Widera

C.G. Woods

J.J. Xu

K.M. Yarborough

J.G. Hengstler



Abstract

This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested, zonated lobules, the liver consists of approximately 80 % hepatocytes and 20 % non-parenchymal cells, the latter being involved in a secondary phase that may dramatically aggravate the initial damage. Hepatotoxicity, as well as hepatic metabolism, is controlled by a set of nuclear receptors (including PXR, CAR, HNF-4α, FXR, LXR, SHP, VDR and PPAR) and signaling pathways. When isolating liver cells, some pathways are activated, e.g., the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway, whereas others are silenced (e.g. HNF-4α), resulting in up- and downregulation of hundreds of genes. An understanding of these changes is crucial for a correct interpretation of in vitro data. The possibilities and limitations of the most useful liver in vitro systems are summarized, including three-dimensional culture techniques, co-cultures with non-parenchymal cells, hepatospheres, precision cut liver slices and the isolated perfused liver. Also discussed is how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell–derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes. Finally, a summary is given of the state of the art of liver in vitro and mathematical modeling systems that are currently used in the pharmaceutical industry with an emphasis on drug metabolism, prediction of clearance, drug interaction, transporter studies and hepatotoxicity. One key message is that despite our enthusiasm for in vitro systems, we must never lose sight of the in vivo situation. Although hepatocytes have been isolated for decades, the hunt for relevant alternative systems has only just begun.

Citation

Godoy, P., Hewitt, N., Albrecht, U., Andersen, M., Ansari, N., Bhattacharya, S., …Hengstler, J. (2013). Recent advances in 2D and 3D in vitro systems using primary hepatocytes, alternative hepatocyte sources and non-parenchymal liver cells and their use in investigating mechanisms of hepatotoxicity, cell signaling and ADME. Archives of Toxicology, 87(8), 1315-1530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date May 6, 2013
Publication Date Aug 23, 2013
Deposit Date Jun 2, 2014
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Archives of Toxicology
Print ISSN 0340-5761
Electronic ISSN 1432-0738
Publisher Springer
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 87
Issue 8
Pages 1315-1530
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-013-1078-5
Keywords Non-parenchymal cells, Mechanisms of gene regulation, DILI, 3D Models, Cryopreservation, Clearance, Mathematical modeling.

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2013. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.





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