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Binocular Coordination: Reading Stereoscopic Sentences in Depth

Schotter, E.R.; Blythe, H.I.; Kirkby, J.A.; Rayner, K.; Holliman, N.S.; Liversedge, S.P.

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Authors

E.R. Schotter

H.I. Blythe

J.A. Kirkby

K. Rayner

N.S. Holliman

S.P. Liversedge



Abstract

The present study employs a stereoscopic manipulation to present sentences in three dimensions to subjects as they read for comprehension. Subjects read sentences with (a) no depth cues, (b) a monocular depth cue that implied the sentence loomed out of the screen (i.e., increasing retinal size), (c) congruent monocular and binocular (retinal disparity) depth cues (i.e., both implied the sentence loomed out of the screen) and (d) incongruent monocular and binocular depth cues (i.e., the monocular cue implied the sentence loomed out of the screen and the binocular cue implied it receded behind the screen). Reading efficiency was mostly unaffected, suggesting that reading in three dimensions is similar to reading in two dimensions. Importantly, fixation disparity was driven by retinal disparity; fixations were significantly more crossed as readers progressed through the sentence in the congruent condition and significantly more uncrossed in the incongruent condition. We conclude that disparity depth cues are used on-line to drive binocular coordination during reading.

Citation

Schotter, E., Blythe, H., Kirkby, J., Rayner, K., Holliman, N., & Liversedge, S. (2012). Binocular Coordination: Reading Stereoscopic Sentences in Depth. PLoS ONE, 7(4), Article e35608. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035608

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Mar 22, 2012
Publication Date Apr 27, 2012
Deposit Date Nov 29, 2012
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal PLoS ONE
Publisher Public Library of Science
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 7
Issue 4
Article Number e35608
DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035608

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
© 2012 Schotter et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.





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