P.C. Stichel
Nonstandard approach to gravity for the dark sector of the Universe
Stichel, P.C.; Zakrzewski, W.J.
Authors
W.J. Zakrzewski
Abstract
We summarize the present state of research on the darkon fluid as a model for the dark sector of the Universe. Nonrelativistic massless particles are introduced as a realization of the Galilei group in an enlarged phase space. The additional degrees of freedom allow for a nonstandard, minimal coupling to gravity respecting Einstein’s equivalence principle. Extended to a self-gravitating fluid the Poisson equation for the gravitational potential contains a dynamically generated effective gravitational mass density of either sign. The equations of motion (EOMs) contain no free parameters and are invariant w.r.t. Milne gauge transformations. Fixing the gauge eliminates the unphysical degrees of freedom. The resulting Lagrangian possesses no free particle limit. The particles it describes, darkons, exist only as fluid particles of a self-gravitating fluid. This darkon fluid realizes the zero-mass Galilean algebra extended by dilations with dynamical exponent z = 5/3 . We reduce the EOMs to Friedmann-like equations and derive conserved quantities and a unique Hamiltonian dynamics by implementing dilation symmetry. By the Casimir of the Poisson-bracket (PB)-algebra we foliate the phase space and construct a Lagrangian in reduced phase space. We solve the Friedmann-like equations with the transition redshift and the value of the Casimir as integration constants. We obtain a deceleration phase for the early Universe and an acceleration phase for the late Universe in agreement with observations. Steady state equations in the spherically symmetric case may model a galactic halo. Numerical solutions of a nonlinear differential equation for the gravitational potential lead to predictions for the dark matter (DM) part of the rotation curves (RCs) of galaxies in qualitative agreement with observational data. We also present a general covariant generalization of the model.
Citation
Stichel, P., & Zakrzewski, W. (2013). Nonstandard approach to gravity for the dark sector of the Universe
Other Type | Other |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Jan 16, 2013 |
Online Publication Date | Jan 16, 2013 |
Publication Date | Jan 1, 2013 |
Deposit Date | Jan 29, 2015 |
Publicly Available Date | Nov 13, 2015 |
Pages | 559-605 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.3390/e15020559 |
Keywords | Nonrelativistic massless particles, Nonstandard gravity, Self-gravitating fluid, Accelerated expansion, Rotation curves, General covariance |
Additional Information | URL of output: https://doi.org/10.3390/e15020559 Volume: 15 Issue: 2 ISSN or ISBN: 1099-4300 |
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Copyright Statement
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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