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Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake

Floyd, M.A.; Walters, R.J.; Elliott, J.R.; Funning, G.J.; Svarc, J.L.; Murray, J.R.; Hooper, A.J.; Larsen, Y.; Marinkovic, P.; Bürgmann, R.; Johanson, I.A.; Wright, T.J.

Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake Thumbnail


Authors

M.A. Floyd

R.J. Walters

J.R. Elliott

G.J. Funning

J.L. Svarc

J.R. Murray

A.J. Hooper

Y. Larsen

P. Marinkovic

R. Bürgmann

I.A. Johanson

T.J. Wright



Abstract

Following earthquakes, faults are often observed to continue slipping aseismically. It has been proposed that this afterslip occurs on parts of the fault with rate-strengthening friction that are stressed by the main shock, but our understanding has been limited by a lack of immediate, high-resolution observations. Here we show that the behavior of afterslip following the 2014 South Napa earthquake in California varied over distances of only a few kilometers. This variability cannot be explained by coseismic stress changes alone. We present daily positions from continuous and survey GPS sites that we remeasured within 12 h of the main shock and surface displacements from the new Sentinel-1 radar mission. This unique geodetic data set constrains the distribution and evolution of coseismic and postseismic fault slip with exceptional resolution in space and time. We suggest that the observed heterogeneity in behavior is caused by lithological controls on the frictional properties of the fault plane.

Citation

Floyd, M., Walters, R., Elliott, J., Funning, G., Svarc, J., Murray, J., …Wright, T. (2016). Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(13), 6808-6816. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069428

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jun 15, 2016
Online Publication Date Jul 2, 2016
Publication Date Jul 16, 2016
Deposit Date Jul 19, 2016
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Geophysical Research Letters
Print ISSN 0094-8276
Electronic ISSN 1944-8007
Publisher Wiley
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 43
Issue 13
Pages 6808-6816
DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl069428

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Copyright Statement
Michael A. Floyd, Richard J. Walters, John R. Elliott, Gareth J. Funning, Jerry L. Svarc, Jessica R. Murray, Andy J. Hooper, Yngvar Larsen, Petar Marinkovic, Roland Bürgmann, Ingrid A. Johanson, Tim J. Wright (2016) Spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology from rupture and afterslip of the 2014 South Napa, California, earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 6808–6816, 10.1002/2016GL069428 (DOI). To view the published open abstract, go to http://dx.doi.org and enter the DOI.




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