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An analysis of contextual and other indicators of HE students for possible use in widening participation

Gorard, S.; Siddiqui, N.; Boliver, V.

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Authors

V. Boliver



Abstract

This paper looks at the HESA statistics for all students at university at HEIs in England from 2008/9 to 2011/12, linked to the National Pupil Database (NPD), with records for all pupils in England who ended Key Stage 4 (KS4) in 2006.This limits the analysis only to those eventually continuing to HE but not among the 7% who attended a private school (and these two limitations must be borne in mind throughout). Where a young person is obviously disadvantaged, this can be taken into account in contextualised admissions to HE. Of the indicators currently available in the generic HESA data, which give the most accurate assessment of that context – singly or in combination? This paper looks at missing data, and what is known about students for whom data is missing. It looks at changes in indicators of potential disadvantage over a student’s lifetime at school and beyond. And it looks at the relationship between all indicators and student attainment and progress at school and beyond. Most of the potentially useful or interesting variables in this HESA dataset are so incomplete as to be useless for the purposes of contextualised admissions. Only occupational class, parental education and POLAR quintile of residence have sufficient coverage to consider in detail here. Other indicators such as sex and ethnicity are best used via the linked NPD dataset. Occupational class and parental education are only known for that subset of students in each age cohort applying for HE, and this distorts the picture. For example, of students attending HE, Black students are most likely to have parents with HE, and so any attempt to use parental education as a contextual indicator could be counter-productive. Around 20% or more of HE students have unknown occupational class or parental education, and this also distorts the picture. In general, NPD data on all students is fuller and better quality. The only indicator in the HEAS dataset used here that is worth pursuing further is POLAR, which could be available for all of each school cohort, and has the least missing data. However, there is not much difference in the qualified HE participation rates by POLAR (or occupational group, or parental education). Ethnic minority (of all categories) and EAL students are considerably over-represented in HE, while males and those living in care are under-represented. Poor students and those living in poorer areas appear to participate in almost direct proportion to their earlier qualifications. Students are then gaining HE results in proportion to their prior attainment, and largely unrelated to their background once these qualifications are taken into account. Finer-grained analysis by individual HEI and subject is not really possible because of the small cell sizes. Some aggregation is necessary. There are clear differences in the prior attainment levels of students attending different types of HEI, and this difference in attainment is reflected in the type of students attending – with fewer poor students or those living in care in Russell Group Universities.

Citation

Gorard, S., Siddiqui, N., & Boliver, V. (2017). An analysis of contextual and other indicators of HE students for possible use in widening participation

Publication Date Jan 1, 2017
Deposit Date Feb 21, 2017
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Series Title Education working paper series

Files

Published Working Paper (310 Kb)
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Copyright Statement
©School of Education, Durham University




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