Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

Dunlop, J.S.; McLure, R.J.; Biggs, A.D.; Geach, J.E.; Michałowski, M.J.; Ivison, R.J.; Rujopakarn, W.; van Kampen, E.; Kirkpatrick, A.; Pope, A.; Scott, D.; Swinbank, A.M.; Targett, T.A.; Aretxaga, I.; Austermann, J.E.; Best, P.N.; Bruce, V.A.; Chapin, E.L.; Charlot, S.; Cirasuolo, M.; Coppin, K.; Ellis, R.S.; Finkelstein, S.L.; Hayward, C.C.; Hughes, D.H.; Ibar, E.; Jagannathan, P.; Khochfar, S.; Koprowski, M.P.; Narayanan, D.; Nyland, K.; Papovich, C.; Peacock, J.A.; Rieke, G.H.; Robertson, B.; Vernstrom, T.; van der Werf, P.P.; Wilson, G.W.; Yun, M.

A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field Thumbnail


Authors

J.S. Dunlop

R.J. McLure

A.D. Biggs

J.E. Geach

M.J. Michałowski

R.J. Ivison

W. Rujopakarn

E. van Kampen

A. Kirkpatrick

A. Pope

D. Scott

T.A. Targett

I. Aretxaga

J.E. Austermann

P.N. Best

V.A. Bruce

E.L. Chapin

S. Charlot

M. Cirasuolo

K. Coppin

R.S. Ellis

S.L. Finkelstein

C.C. Hayward

D.H. Hughes

E. Ibar

P. Jagannathan

S. Khochfar

M.P. Koprowski

D. Narayanan

K. Nyland

C. Papovich

J.A. Peacock

G.H. Rieke

B. Robertson

T. Vernstrom

P.P. van der Werf

G.W. Wilson

M. Yun



Abstract

We present the results of the first, deep Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) imaging covering the full ≃4.5 arcmin2 of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) imaged with Wide Field Camera 3/IR on HST. Using a 45-pointing mosaic, we have obtained a homogeneous 1.3-mm image reaching σ1.3 ≃ 35 μJy, at a resolution of ≃0.7 arcsec. From an initial list of ≃50 > 3.5σ peaks, a rigorous analysis confirms 16 sources with S1.3 > 120 μJy. All of these have secure galaxy counterparts with robust redshifts (〈z〉 = 2.15). Due to the unparalleled supporting data, the physical properties of the ALMA sources are well constrained, including their stellar masses (M*) and UV+FIR star formation rates (SFR). Our results show that stellar mass is the best predictor of SFR in the high-redshift Universe; indeed at z ≥ 2 our ALMA sample contains seven of the nine galaxies in the HUDF with M* ≥ 2 × 1010 M⊙, and we detect only one galaxy at z > 3.5, reflecting the rapid drop-off of high-mass galaxies with increasing redshift. The detections, coupled with stacking, allow us to probe the redshift/mass distribution of the 1.3-mm background down to S1.3 ≃ 10 μJy. We find strong evidence for a steep star-forming ‘main sequence’ at z ≃ 2, with SFR ∝M* and a mean specific SFR ≃ 2.2 Gyr−1. Moreover, we find that ≃85 per cent of total star formation at z ≃ 2 is enshrouded in dust, with ≃65 per cent of all star formation at this epoch occurring in high-mass galaxies (M* > 2 × 1010 M⊙), for which the average obscured:unobscured SF ratio is ≃200. Finally, we revisit the cosmic evolution of SFR density; we find this peaks at z ≃ 2.5, and that the star-forming Universe transits from primarily unobscured to primarily obscured at z ≃ 4.

Citation

Dunlop, J., McLure, R., Biggs, A., Geach, J., Michałowski, M., Ivison, R., …Yun, M. (2017). A deep ALMA image of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 466(1), 861-883. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3088

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Nov 25, 2016
Online Publication Date Nov 30, 2016
Publication Date Apr 1, 2017
Deposit Date Mar 9, 2017
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Print ISSN 0035-8711
Electronic ISSN 1365-2966
Publisher Royal Astronomical Society
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 466
Issue 1
Pages 861-883
DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3088

Files

Published Journal Article (6 Mb)
PDF

Copyright Statement
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. ©: 2016 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.





You might also like



Downloadable Citations