Larissa Rosa de Oliveira
Ancient female philopatry, asymmetric male gene flow, and synchronous population expansion support the influence of climatic oscillations on the evolution of South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens)
Oliveira, Larissa Rosa de; Gehara, Marcelo C.M.; Fraga, Lúcia D.; Lopes, Fernando; Túnez, Juan Ignacio; Cassini, Marcelo H.; Majluf, Patricia; Cárdenas-Alayza, Susana; Pavés, Héctor J.; Crespo, Enrique Alberto; García, Nestor; Loizaga de Castro, Rocío; Hoelzel, A. Rus; Sepúlveda, Maritza; Olavarría, Carlos; Valiati, Victor Hugo; Quiñones, Renato; Pérez-Alvarez, Maria Jose; Ott, Paulo Henrique; Bonatto, Sandro L.
Authors
Marcelo C.M. Gehara
Lúcia D. Fraga
Fernando Lopes
Juan Ignacio Túnez
Marcelo H. Cassini
Patricia Majluf
Susana Cárdenas-Alayza
Héctor J. Pavés
Enrique Alberto Crespo
Nestor García
Rocío Loizaga de Castro
Professor Rus Hoelzel a.r.hoelzel@durham.ac.uk
Professor
Maritza Sepúlveda
Carlos Olavarría
Victor Hugo Valiati
Renato Quiñones
Maria Jose Pérez-Alvarez
Paulo Henrique Ott
Sandro L. Bonatto
Abstract
The South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens) is widely distributed along the southern Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America with a history of significant commercial exploitation. We aimed to evaluate the population genetic structure and the evolutionary history of South American sea lion along its distribution by analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 10 nuclear microsatellites loci. We analyzed 147 sequences of mtDNA control region and genotyped 111 individuals of South American sea lion for 10 microsatellite loci, representing six populations (Peru, Northern Chile, Southern Chile, Uruguay (Brazil), Argentina and Falkland (Malvinas) Islands) and covering the entire distribution of the species. The mtDNA phylogeny shows that haplotypes from the two oceans comprise two very divergent clades as observed in previous studies, suggesting a long period (>1 million years) of low inter-oceanic female gene flow. Bayesian analysis of bi-parental genetic diversity supports significant (but less pronounced than mitochondrial) genetic structure between Pacific and Atlantic populations, although also suggested some inter-oceanic gene flow mediated by males. Higher male migration rates were found in the intra-oceanic population comparisons, supporting very high female philopatry in the species. Demographic analyses showed that populations from both oceans went through a large population expansion ~10,000 years ago, suggesting a very similar influence of historical environmental factors, such as the last glacial cycle, on both regions. Our results support the proposition that the Pacific and Atlantic populations of the South American sea lion should be considered distinct evolutionarily significant units, with at least two managements units in each ocean.
Citation
Oliveira, L. R. D., Gehara, M. C., Fraga, L. D., Lopes, F., Túnez, J. I., Cassini, M. H., …Bonatto, S. L. (2017). Ancient female philopatry, asymmetric male gene flow, and synchronous population expansion support the influence of climatic oscillations on the evolution of South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens). PLoS ONE, 12(6), Article e0179442. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179442
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | May 29, 2017 |
Online Publication Date | Jun 27, 2017 |
Publication Date | Jun 27, 2017 |
Deposit Date | Jul 13, 2017 |
Publicly Available Date | Mar 29, 2024 |
Journal | PLoS ONE |
Publisher | Public Library of Science |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 12 |
Issue | 6 |
Article Number | e0179442 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179442 |
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Copyright Statement
© 2017 Oliveira et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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