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Source and pathway analysis of lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lisbon urban soils

Marinho Reis, Amélia Paula; Shepherd, Thomas; Nowell, Geoff; Cachada, Anabela; Duarte, Armando Costa; Cave, Mark; Wragg, Joanna; Patinha, Carla; Dias, Ana; Rocha, Fernando; da Silva, Eduardo Ferreira; Sousa, António Jorge; Prazeres, Cátia; Batista, Maria João

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Authors

Amélia Paula Marinho Reis

Thomas Shepherd

Anabela Cachada

Armando Costa Duarte

Mark Cave

Joanna Wragg

Carla Patinha

Ana Dias

Fernando Rocha

Eduardo Ferreira da Silva

António Jorge Sousa

Cátia Prazeres

Maria João Batista



Abstract

One hundred soil samples were collected from urban spaces, in Lisbon, Portugal, in two surveys that were carried out in consecutive years, to assess the potential adverse human health effects following exposure to potentially toxic elements and organic compounds in the urban soils. The study hereby described follows on from the earlier work of the authors and aims at performing a source-pathway-fate analysis of lead (Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the urban soils in order to increase current knowledge on factors influencing exposure of the population. Various techniques were combined to achieve the proposed goal. Geogenic and anthropogenic sources were apportioned by means of Pb isotope mixing models. Isotope data was further coupled with geographic information system mapping to assess local mixed sources of Pb and PAHs. Unleaded vehicle exhaust and cement production show the largest relative contribution to the total soil-Pb, but their respective importance depends on factors such as location and urban landscape. The primary sources of PAHs to the urban soils are probably air and land traffic. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate which soil properties could influence mobility and fate of the contaminants. Whilst principal components analysis indicates carbonates and other calcium phases as probable factors controlling the dispersion of Pb in the urban soils, the linear models obtained from stepwise multiple regression analysis show that soil phosphorous (P) and manganese (Mn) are good predictors of the total soil Pb content. No robust model was obtained for the PAHs, impeding identifying environmental factors most likely to influence their dispersion in the urban soils. The solid-phase distribution study provided critical information to untangle the, at a first glance, contradictory results obtained by the multivariate analysis. Carbonates and other calcium phases, having these a probable anthropogenic origin, are soil components containing major fractions of Pb, P, and Mn.

Citation

Marinho Reis, A. P., Shepherd, T., Nowell, G., Cachada, A., Duarte, A. C., Cave, M., …Batista, M. J. (2016). Source and pathway analysis of lead and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lisbon urban soils. Science of the Total Environment, 573, 324-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.119

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Aug 17, 2016
Online Publication Date Aug 26, 2016
Publication Date Dec 15, 2016
Deposit Date Aug 18, 2017
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal Science of the Total Environment
Print ISSN 0048-9697
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 573
Pages 324-336
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.119
Related Public URLs http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/516070/

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