Mathieu Colombier
In situ granulation by thermal stress during subaqueous volcanic eruptions
Colombier, Mathieu; Scheu, Bettina; Kueppers, Ulrich; Cronin, Shane J.; Mueller, Sebastian B.; Hess, Kai-Uwe; Wadsworth, Fabian B.; Tost, Manuela; Dobson, Katherine J.; Ruthensteiner, Bernhard; Dingwell, Donald B.
Authors
Bettina Scheu
Ulrich Kueppers
Shane J. Cronin
Sebastian B. Mueller
Kai-Uwe Hess
Fabian B. Wadsworth
Manuela Tost
Katherine J. Dobson
Bernhard Ruthensteiner
Donald B. Dingwell
Abstract
Some of the most complex volcanic thermodynamic processes occur when erupting magma interacts with water. In shallow water, “Surtseyan” eruptions are spectacular, and they efficiently fragment magma into fine ash particles. The aviation hazard from these eruptions depends the amount of transportable fine ash that is generated and whether it is aggregated into particle coatings or accretions. To investigate both mechanisms, we analyzed ash-encased lapilli from the Surtseyan eruptions of Capelinhos (Azores, 1957–1958) and Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (Tonga, 2014–2015) using X-ray computed microtomography and electron microscopy. We discovered pyroclasts that were not coated, sensu stricto, but had enveloping ash produced by in situ granulation of the particle surface. This was caused by thermal stress as pyroclasts briefly traveled through water and were quenched during eruption. In situ granulation is thus an important secondary disruption process in shallow subaqueous eruptions. Our results imply that ash encasement is not always evidence of particle aggregation and accretion, but it may also result from new ash formation. Shallow-water conditions produce the most efficient ash-generation conditions, leading to the greatest hazard to downwind populations and air traffic.
Citation
Colombier, M., Scheu, B., Kueppers, U., Cronin, S. J., Mueller, S. B., Hess, K., …Dingwell, D. B. (2019). In situ granulation by thermal stress during subaqueous volcanic eruptions. Geology, 47(2), 179-182. https://doi.org/10.1130/g45503.1
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Dec 8, 2018 |
Online Publication Date | Jan 8, 2019 |
Publication Date | Jan 8, 2019 |
Deposit Date | Feb 28, 2019 |
Publicly Available Date | Jan 8, 2020 |
Journal | Geology |
Print ISSN | 0091-7613 |
Electronic ISSN | 1943-2682 |
Publisher | Geological Society of America |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 47 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 179-182 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1130/g45503.1 |
Files
Accepted Journal Article
(182 Kb)
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