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Multi-isotope evidence of population aggregation in the Natufian and scant migration during the early Neolithic of the Southern Levant

Santana, Jonathan; Millard, Andrew; Ibáñez-Estevez, Juan J.; Bocquentin, Fanny; Nowell, Geoffrey; Peterkin, Joanne; Macpherson, Colin; Muñiz, Juan; Anton, Marie; Alrousan, Mohammad; Kafafi, Zeidan

Multi-isotope evidence of population aggregation in the Natufian and scant migration during the early Neolithic of the Southern Levant Thumbnail


Authors

Jonathan Santana

Juan J. Ibáñez-Estevez

Fanny Bocquentin

Juan Muñiz

Marie Anton

Mohammad Alrousan

Zeidan Kafafi



Abstract

Human mobility and migration are thought to have played essential roles in the consolidation and expansion of sedentary villages, long-distance exchanges and transmission of ideas and practices during the Neolithic transition of the Near East. Few isotopic studies of human remains dating to this early complex transition offer direct evidence of mobility and migration. The aim of this study is to identify first-generation non-local individuals from Natufian to Pre-Pottery Neolithic C periods to explore the scope of human mobility and migration during the Neolithic transition in the Southern Levant, an area that is central to this historical process. The study adopted a multi-approach resorting to strontium (87Sr/86Sr), oxygen (δ18OVSMOW) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratio analyses of tooth enamel of 67 human individuals from five sites in Jordan, Syria, and Israel. The isotope ratios point both to a significant level of human migration and/or mobility in the Final Natufian which is compatible with early sedentarism and seasonal mobility and with population aggregation in early sedentary hamlets. The current findings, in turn, offer evidence that most individuals dating to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic were local to their respective settlements despite certain evidence of non-locals. Interestingly, isotopic data suggest that two possible non-local individuals benefitted from particular burial practices. The results underscore a decrease in human mobility and migration as farming became increasingly dominant among the subsistence strategies throughout the Neolithic transition of the Southern Levant.

Citation

Santana, J., Millard, A., Ibáñez-Estevez, J. J., Bocquentin, F., Nowell, G., Peterkin, J., …Kafafi, Z. (2021). Multi-isotope evidence of population aggregation in the Natufian and scant migration during the early Neolithic of the Southern Levant. Scientific Reports, 11(1), Article 11857. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90795-2

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date May 12, 2021
Online Publication Date Jun 4, 2021
Publication Date 2021
Deposit Date Sep 2, 2021
Publicly Available Date Sep 3, 2021
Journal Scientific Reports
Publisher Nature Research
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 11
Issue 1
Article Number 11857
DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90795-2

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Advance online version This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.





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