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The tidal evolution of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal and its globular clusters

Borukhovetskaya, Alexandra; Errani, Raphaël; Navarro, Julio F; Fattahi, Azadeh; Santos-Santos, Isabel

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Authors

Alexandra Borukhovetskaya

Raphaël Errani

Julio F Navarro

Isabel Santos-Santos



Abstract

The dark matter content of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy inferred from its kinematics is substantially lower than expected from LCDM cosmological simulations. We use N-body simulations to examine whether this may be the result of Galactic tides. We find that, despite improved proper motions from the Gaia mission, the pericentric distance of Fornax remains poorly constrained, mainly because its largest velocity component is roughly anti-parallel to the solar motion. Translating Fornax’s proper motion into a Galactocentric velocity is thus sensitively dependent on Fornax’s assumed distance: the observed distance uncertainty, ±8 per cent⁠, implies pericentric distances that vary between rperi ∼ 50 and rperi ∼ 150 kpc. Our simulations show that for rperi in the lower range of that estimate, a LCDM subhalo with maximum circular velocity Vmax = 40 km s−1 (or virial mass M200 ≈ 1010 M⊙, as expected from LCDM) would be tidally stripped to Vmax ∼ 23 km s−1 over 10 Gyr. This would reduce the dark mass within the Fornax stellar half-mass radius to about half its initial value, bringing it into agreement with observations. Tidal stripping affects mainly Fornax’s dark matter halo; its stellar component is affected little, losing less than 5 per cent of its initial mass in the process. We also explore the effect of Galactic tides on the dynamical friction decay times of Fornax’s population of globular clusters (GC) and find little evidence for substantial changes, compared with models run in isolation. A population of GCs with initial orbital radii between 1 and 2 kpc is consistent with the present-day spatial distribution of Fornax GCs, despite assuming a cuspy halo. Neither the dark matter content nor the spatial distribution of GCs of Fornax seem inconsistent with a simple model where Fornax inhabits a tidally-stripped cuspy cold dark matter halo.

Citation

Borukhovetskaya, A., Errani, R., Navarro, J. F., Fattahi, A., & Santos-Santos, I. (2022). The tidal evolution of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal and its globular clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 509(4), 5330-5339. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2912

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Oct 12, 2021
Publication Date 2022-02
Deposit Date Dec 8, 2021
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Print ISSN 0035-8711
Electronic ISSN 1365-2966
Publisher Royal Astronomical Society
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 509
Issue 4
Pages 5330-5339
DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab2912

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Copyright Statement
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2021, The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.






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