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Camera-Based System for the Automatic Detection of Vehicle Axle Count and Speed Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Miles, Victoria; Gurr, Francis; Giani, Stefano

Camera-Based System for the Automatic Detection of Vehicle Axle Count and Speed Using Convolutional Neural Networks Thumbnail


Authors

Vicky Miles victoria.s.miles@durham.ac.uk
PGR Student Doctor of Philosophy

Francis Gurr



Abstract

This paper outlines the development of a nonintrusive alternative to current intelligent transportation systems using road-side video cameras. The use of video to determine the axle count and speed of vehicles traveling on major roads was investigated. Two instances of a convolutional neural network, YOLOv3, were trained to perform object detection for the purposes of axle detection and speed measurement, achieving accuracies of 95% and 98% mAP respectively. Outputs from the axle detection were processed to produce axle counts for each vehicle with 93% accuracy across all vehicles where all axles are visible. A simple Kalman filter was used to track the vehicles across the video frame, which worked well but struggled with longer periods of occlusion. The camera was calibrated for speed measurement using road markings in place of a reference object. The calibration method proved to be accurate, however, a constant error was introduced if the road markings were not consistent with the government specifications. The average vehicle speeds calculated were within the expected range. Both models achieved real-time speed performance.

Citation

Miles, V., Gurr, F., & Giani, S. (2022). Camera-Based System for the Automatic Detection of Vehicle Axle Count and Speed Using Convolutional Neural Networks. International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research, 20(3), 778-792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13177-022-00325-1

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Sep 9, 2022
Online Publication Date Sep 17, 2022
Publication Date 2022-12
Deposit Date Sep 2, 2022
Publicly Available Date Nov 29, 2022
Journal International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research
Print ISSN 1348-8503
Electronic ISSN 1868-8659
Publisher Springer
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 20
Issue 3
Pages 778-792
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s13177-022-00325-1

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.




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