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Welfare state regimes and income related health inequalities: a comparison of 23 European countries

Eikemo, T.; Bambra, C.; Joyce, K.; Dahl, E.

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Authors

T. Eikemo

C. Bambra

K. Joyce

E. Dahl



Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the magnitude of income-related health inequalities varies between welfare regimes (Scandinavian, Anglo-Saxon, Bismarckian, Southern and Eastern). Specifically, it examined whether the Scandinavian welfare state regime has smaller income-based health inequalities than the other welfare state regimes. Methods: The first (2002) and second (2004) waves of the representative cross-sectional European Social Survey (ESS), which comprised more than 80 000 respondents, were used to analyse income inequalities (relative health difference between the first and third income tertile) in self-reported health (general health, limiting longstanding illness) amongst those aged 25 or more. Data related to 23 European countries classified into five welfare state regimes. The study controlled for age and adjusted for educational attainment. Results: When comparing the health of the first income tertile with the third, the Scandinavian countries only seemed to hold an intermediate position: they did not have the smallest, or the largest, health inequalities. However, the Anglo-Saxon welfare states had the largest income-related health inequalities for both men and women, while countries with Bismarckian welfare states tended to demonstrate the smallest. This pattern was unchanged after controlling for educational attainment. However, education seemed to explain the largest part of income-related health inequalities in the Southern regime. Conclusion: This study shows that the magnitudes of income-related health inequalities indeed vary by welfare state regime. However, this variation was not always in the direction expected as the Scandinavian countries did not exhibit the smallest health inequalities.

Citation

Eikemo, T., Bambra, C., Joyce, K., & Dahl, E. (2008). Welfare state regimes and income related health inequalities: a comparison of 23 European countries. European Journal of Public Health, 18(6), 593-599. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckn092

Journal Article Type Article
Publication Date Dec 1, 2008
Deposit Date Jun 17, 2009
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal European Journal of Public Health
Print ISSN 1101-1262
Electronic ISSN 1464-360X
Publisher Oxford University Press
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 18
Issue 6
Pages 593-599
DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckn092

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Copyright Statement
This is a pre-copy-editing author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in European journal of public health following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Eikemo, T. and Bambra, C. and Joyce, K. and Dahl, E. (2008) 'Welfare state regimes and income related health inequalities : a comparison of 23 European countries.', European journal of public health., 18 (6). pp. 593-599 is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckn092




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