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After the 'affluent society' : cost of living in the Papua New Guinea highlands according to time and energy expenditure- income

Sillitoe, P.

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Abstract

What is the cost of living in the Papua New Guinea highlands? An answer is sought using a time and energy accounting approach. The subsistence regime of Wola-speaking highlanders, the subjects of this investigation, comprises three components. The principal one is horticulture: people clearing gardens from forest and grassland, with tuberous crops predominating, notably sweet potato. The second component comprises animal rearing, notably of domestic pigs. The third, and least important, is hunting and gathering for food in the forest. The calculated returns on investments in these subsistence domains vary considerably. Gardens return in their crops between ten and fifteen times the energy expended in cultivation. Pigs may also give a good return, of four to five times the energy invested in rearing them, if slaughtered when adult, but people regularly keep animals for years and may incur negative energy returns on their labour investments. This relates to the high cultural premium put on pigs. Foraging for food is also energetically costly, the Wola expending four times more energy on these activities than they gain in return from the food they secure. This analysis of energy gains and losses challenges the relative notion of affluence as applied to foragers, by reviewing it in the comparative context of subsistence horticulture.

Citation

Sillitoe, P. (2002). After the 'affluent society' : cost of living in the Papua New Guinea highlands according to time and energy expenditure- income. Journal of Biosocial Science, 34(4), 433-461. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021932002004339

Journal Article Type Article
Publication Date 2002-10
Deposit Date Jan 8, 2009
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Journal of Biosocial Science
Print ISSN 0021-9320
Electronic ISSN 1469-7599
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 34
Issue 4
Pages 433-461
DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021932002004339
Keywords Papua New Guinea highlands, Wola, Horticulture, Animal rearing, Pigs, Hunter-gatherer.

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© 2002 Cambridge University Press




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