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Aquatain® Mosquito Formulation (AMF) for the control of immature Anopheles Gambaie sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis : dose-responses, persistence and sub-lethal effect

Mbare, O.; Lindsay, S.W.; Fillinger, U.

Aquatain® Mosquito Formulation (AMF) for the control of immature Anopheles Gambaie sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis : dose-responses, persistence and sub-lethal effect Thumbnail


Authors

O. Mbare

U. Fillinger



Abstract

Background: Persistent monomolecular surface films could benefit larval source management for malaria control by reducing programme costs and managing insecticide resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy of the silicone-based surface film, Aquatain® Mosquito Formulation (AMF), for the control of the Afrotropical malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis in laboratory dose–response assays and standardized field tests. Methods: Tests were carried out following guidelines made by the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES). Sub-lethal effects of AMF were evaluated by measuring egg-laying and hatching of eggs laid by female An. gambiae s.s. that emerged from habitats treated with a dose that resulted in 50% larval mortality in laboratory tests. Results: Both vector species were highly susceptible to AMF. The estimated lethal doses to cause complete larval mortality in dose–response tests in the laboratory were 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.59) ml/m2 for An. gambiae s.s. and 1.35 (95% CI 1.09-1.75) ml/m2 for An. arabiensis. Standardized field tests showed that a single dose of AMF at 1 ml/m2 inhibited emergence by 85% (95% CI 82-88%) for six weeks. Females exposed as larvae to a sub-lethal dose of AMF were 2.2 times less likely (Odds ratio (OR) 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.78) to lay eggs compared to those from untreated ponds. However, exposure to sub-lethal doses neither affected the number of eggs laid by females nor the proportion hatching. Conclusion: AMF provided high levels of larval control for a minimum of six weeks, with sub-lethal doses reducing the ability of female mosquitoes to lay eggs. The application of AMF provides a promising novel strategy for larval control interventions against malaria vectors in Africa. Further field studies in different eco-epidemiological settings are justified to determine the persistence of AMF film for mosquito vector control and its potential for inclusion in integrated vector management programmes.

Citation

Mbare, O., Lindsay, S., & Fillinger, U. (2014). Aquatain® Mosquito Formulation (AMF) for the control of immature Anopheles Gambaie sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis : dose-responses, persistence and sub-lethal effect. Parasites and Vectors, 7, Article 438. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-438

Journal Article Type Article
Publication Date Sep 16, 2014
Deposit Date Sep 19, 2014
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal Parasites and Vectors
Publisher BioMed Central
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 7
Article Number 438
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-438
Keywords Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, Anopheles arabiensis, Vector control, Surface film, Larval source management.

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
© 2014 Mbare et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.





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