Jauzac, M. and Eckert, D. and Schaller, M. and Schwinn, J. and Massey, R. and Bahé, Y. and Baugh, C. and Barnes, D. and Dalla Vecchia, C. and Ebeling, H. and Harvey, D. and Jullo, E. and Kay, S. T. and Kneib, J.-P. and Limousin, M. and Medezinski, E. and Natarajan, P. and Nonino, M. and Robertson, A. and Tam, S. I. and Umetsu, K. (2018) 'Growing a ‘cosmic beast’ : observations and simulations of MACS J0717.5+3745.', Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society., 481 (3). pp. 2901-2917.
Abstract
We present a gravitational lensing and X-ray analysis of a massive galaxy cluster and its surroundings. The core of MACS J0717.5+3745 (M(R < 1 Mpc) ∼ 2 × 1015 M, z = 0.54) is already known to contain four merging components. We show that this is surrounded by at least seven additional substructures with masses ranging 3.8−6.5 × 1013 M, at projected radii 1.6–4.9 Mpc. We compare MACS J0717 to mock lensing and X-ray observations of similarly rich clusters in cosmological simulations. The low gas fraction of substructures predicted by simulations turns out to match our observed values of 1–4 per cent. Comparing our data to three similar simulated haloes, we infer a typical growth rate and substructure infall velocity. That suggests MACS J0717 could evolve into a system similar to, but more massive than, Abell 2744 by z = 0.31, and into a ∼ 1016 M supercluster by z = 0. The radial distribution of infalling substructure suggests that merger events are strongly episodic; however, we find that the smooth accretion of surrounding material remains the main source of mass growth even for such massive clusters.
Item Type: | Article |
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Full text: | (VoR) Version of Record Download PDF (2476Kb) |
Status: | Peer-reviewed |
Publisher Web site: | https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2366 |
Publisher statement: | This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2018 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. |
Date accepted: | 21 August 2018 |
Date deposited: | 25 September 2018 |
Date of first online publication: | 31 August 2018 |
Date first made open access: | 25 September 2018 |
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