Professor Kate Hampshire k.r.hampshire@durham.ac.uk
Professor
Power, danger, and secrecy – a socio-cultural examination of menstrual waste management in urban Malawi
Hampshire, Kate; Kaliwo, Tamandani; Tilley, Elizabeth A.; Oliver, David M.; Quilliam, Richard S.
Authors
Tamandani Kaliwo
Elizabeth A. Tilley
David M. Oliver
Richard S. Quilliam
Abstract
Menstrual blood is not just a physical substance; it is laden with symbolism and often powerfully stigmatised. It is important to understand local perceptions and attitudes towards menstrual blood, as well as the preferred practices of menstruating women, in order to design appropriate sanitation and solid waste systems to support menstruation. Failure to take account of socio-cultural factors can jeopardise the effectiveness of such infrastructure. This study, conducted in Blantyre, Malawi, is a qualitative socio-cultural examination of how women manage and view menstruation. Thirty nine interviews, conducted with individuals and with small groups of friends, were carried out with thirty one women using pit latrines, flush toilets, and urine-diverting dry toilets in early 2019. Menstruation in Blantyre was found to be shrouded in secrecy because it was viewed as ‘dirty’, and therefore remained concealed. There was widespread anxiety about menstrual blood being used in ufiti (witchcraft), which affected how women used and disposed of their menstrual absorbents. At the same time, menstrual blood was also viewed as a powerful healing substance with uses in traditional medicine. The type of infrastructure required by women to support their menstruation depended on the type of menstrual absorbent used. Those using reusable cloth generally preferred a private bathroom with discreet drainage, whilst those using disposable pads needed a discreet and convenient disposal system. Increased preference for disposable pads over reusable cloth (particularly for younger women in education or employment) suggested that menstrual waste profiles of urban areas may be changing. Understanding these changing needs will be crucial for planning effective, sustainable waste disposal and sanitation infrastructure.
Citation
Hampshire, K., Kaliwo, T., Tilley, E. A., Oliver, D. M., & Quilliam, R. S. (2020). Power, danger, and secrecy – a socio-cultural examination of menstrual waste management in urban Malawi. PLoS ONE, 15(6), Article e0235339. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235339
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Jun 15, 2020 |
Online Publication Date | Jun 26, 2020 |
Publication Date | 2020 |
Deposit Date | Jun 16, 2020 |
Publicly Available Date | Jul 1, 2020 |
Journal | PLoS ONE |
Publisher | Public Library of Science |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 15 |
Issue | 6 |
Article Number | e0235339 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235339 |
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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Copyright Statement
Copyright: © 2020 Roxburgh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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