Mélanie Habouzit
Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: MBH − M⋆ relation and black hole mass function
Habouzit, Mélanie; Li, Yuan; Somerville, Rachel S; Genel, Shy; Pillepich, Annalisa; Volonteri, Marta; Davé, Romeel; Rosas-Guevara, Yetli; McAlpine, Stuart; Peirani, Sébastien; Hernquist, Lars; Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel; Reines, Amy; Bower, Richard; Dubois, Yohan; Nelson, Dylan; Pichon, Christophe; Vogelsberger, Mark
Authors
Yuan Li
Rachel S Somerville
Shy Genel
Annalisa Pillepich
Marta Volonteri
Romeel Davé
Yetli Rosas-Guevara
Stuart McAlpine
Sébastien Peirani
Lars Hernquist
Daniel Anglés-Alcázar
Amy Reines
Richard Bower
Yohan Dubois
Dylan Nelson
Christophe Pichon
Mark Vogelsberger
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding galaxy formation and evolution using large-scale cosmological simulations. While these simulations produce galaxies in overall good agreement with observations, they employ different sub-grid models for galaxies and supermassive black holes (BHs). We investigate the impact of the sub-grid models on the BH mass properties of the Illustris, TNG100, TNG300, Horizon-AGN, EAGLE, and SIMBA simulations, focusing on the MBH − M⋆ relation and the BH mass function. All simulations predict tight MBH − M⋆ relations, and struggle to produce BHs of MBH⩽107.5M⊙ in galaxies of M⋆∼1010.5−1011.5M⊙. While the time evolution of the mean MBH − M⋆ relation is mild (ΔMBH⩽1dex for 0 ⩽z⩽ 5) for all the simulations, its linearity (shape) and normalization varies from simulation to simulation. The strength of SN feedback has a large impact on the linearity and time evolution for M⋆⩽1010.5M⊙. We find that the low-mass end is a good discriminant of the simulation models, and highlights the need for new observational constraints. At the high-mass end, strong AGN feedback can suppress the time evolution of the relation normalization. Compared with observations of the local Universe, we find an excess of BHs with MBH⩾109M⊙ in most of the simulations. The BH mass function is dominated by efficiently accreting BHs (log10fEdd⩾−2) at high redshifts, and transitions progressively from the high-mass to the low-mass end to be governed by inactive BHs. The transition time and the contribution of active BHs are different among the simulations, and can be used to evaluate models against observations.
Citation
Habouzit, M., Li, Y., Somerville, R. S., Genel, S., Pillepich, A., Volonteri, M., …Vogelsberger, M. (2021). Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: MBH − M⋆ relation and black hole mass function. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 503(2), 1940-1975. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab496
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Feb 16, 2021 |
Online Publication Date | Feb 22, 2021 |
Publication Date | 2021-05 |
Deposit Date | Jul 15, 2021 |
Publicly Available Date | Jul 15, 2021 |
Journal | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
Print ISSN | 0035-8711 |
Electronic ISSN | 1365-2966 |
Publisher | Royal Astronomical Society |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 503 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 1940-1975 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab496 |
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Copyright Statement
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2021 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
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