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Reconstructing sedimentary processes in a Permian channel–lobe transition zone: an outcrop study in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Pohl, F; Eggenhuisen, JT; de Leeuw, J; Cartigny, MJB; Brooks, HL; Spychala, YT

Reconstructing sedimentary processes in a Permian channel–lobe transition zone: an outcrop study in the Karoo Basin, South Africa Thumbnail


Authors

F Pohl

JT Eggenhuisen

J de Leeuw

HL Brooks

YT Spychala



Abstract

Turbidity currents commonly bypass sediment in submarine channels on the continental slope, and deposit sediment lobes farther down-dip on the flat and unconfined abyssal plain. Seafloor and outcrop data have shown that the transition from bypass to deposition usually occurs over complex zones referred to as channel–lobe transition zones (CLTZs). Recognition of these zones in cores and outcrop remains challenging due to a lack of characteristic sedimentary facies and structures. This paper focuses on Unit E of the Permian Fort Brown Formation in the Karoo Basin, South Africa, in the Slagtersfontein outcrop complex, which has previously been interpreted as a CLTZ. This study integrates thin-section micrographs, sedimentary facies, bed-set and stratigraphic architecture, and palaeoflow directions to achieve a multiscale analysis of CLTZ features. A novel process-based facies scheme is developed to evaluate deposits in terms of the depositional or erosional tendencies of the flows that formed them. This scheme allows bypass to be distinguished from depositional zones by the spatial distribution of certain sediment facies. Areas of net sediment bypass were predominantly marked by erosive sediment facies and a larger variability in palaeoflow direction while depositional areas showed a lower variability in palaeoflow directions. Metre-scale structures in the bypass-dominated area reveal seafloor erosion and scour formation. Field relations suggest the presence of a ∼500 m long mega-scour in the CLTZ. The characteristic structures documented here are applicable for identifying CLTZs in sparse datasets such as outcrops with limited palaeogeographical context and sediment cores obtained from subsurface systems.

Citation

Pohl, F., Eggenhuisen, J., de Leeuw, J., Cartigny, M., Brooks, H., & Spychala, Y. (2023). Reconstructing sedimentary processes in a Permian channel–lobe transition zone: an outcrop study in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Geological Magazine, 160(1), 107-126. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756822000693

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jun 20, 2022
Online Publication Date Sep 29, 2022
Publication Date 2023-01
Deposit Date Nov 10, 2022
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal Geological Magazine
Print ISSN 0016-7568
Electronic ISSN 1469-5081
Publisher Cambridge University Press
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 160
Issue 1
Pages 107-126
DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/s0016756822000693

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