Collective Memory in Post-Genocide Societies: Rethinking Enduring Trauma and Resilience in Halabja

Karim, Hawraman Fariq; Baser, Bahar

doi:10.1017/rms.2022.25

Collective Memory in Post-Genocide Societies: Rethinking Enduring Trauma and Resilience in Halabja

Karim, Hawraman Fariq; Baser, Bahar

Authors

Hawraman Fariq Karim

Dr Bahar Baser bahar.baser@durham.ac.uk
Associate Professor

Abstract

This article investigates the collective memory that emerged as a result of the chemical attack on Halabja, on March 16, 1988. In light of discussions that deal with memory and reconciliation in post-genocide societies, we look at how collective memory and “postmemory” are formed among the survivors and their descendants. The merit of the article is that it brings together the victim's accounts and creates a bottom-up perspective that challenges the official accounts created by Kurdish and non-Kurdish elites as part of top-down narratives on what happened that day in Halabja and how it should be commemorated. The interviewee narratives illustrate that people of Halabja consider the memory of the chemical attack as an enduring trauma that creates a shared rendering of the past and continues to shape their collective identity. While each generation transfers this collective memory to the next, they also seek justice via shared commemoration practices outside official discourses. In their narratives, reprobation is not directed solely toward the Saddam Hussein regime, but also toward the current rulers of the Kurdistan Region as well.

Citation

Karim, H. F., & Baser, B. (2023). Collective Memory in Post-Genocide Societies: Rethinking Enduring Trauma and Resilience in Halabja. Review of Middle East Studies, 56(1), https://doi.org/10.1017/rms.2022.25

Journal Article Type	Article
Acceptance Date	Nov 26, 2022
Online Publication Date	Mar 3, 2023
Publication Date	2023
Deposit Date	Dec 5, 2022
Publicly Available Date	Dec 5, 2022
Journal	Review of Middle East Studies
Print ISSN	2151-3481
Electronic ISSN	2329-3225
Publisher	Cambridge University Press
Peer Reviewed	Peer Reviewed
Volume	56
Issue	1
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1017/rms.2022.25
Public URL	https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1185813

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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Copyright Statement
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.