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Redshift Evolution of the Feedback–Cooling Equilibrium in the Core of 48 SPT Galaxy Clusters: A Joint Chandra–SPT–ATCA Analysis

Ruppin, F.; McDonald, M.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; Bayliss, M.; Bleem, L.E.; Calzadilla, M.; Edge, A.C.; Filipović, M.D.; Floyd, B.; Garmire, G.; Khullar, G.; Kim, K.J.; Kraft, R.; Mahler, G.; Norris, R.P.; O’Brien, A.; Reichardt, C.L.; Somboonpanyakul, T.; Stark, A.A.; Tothill, N.

Redshift Evolution of the Feedback–Cooling Equilibrium in the Core of 48 SPT Galaxy Clusters: A Joint Chandra–SPT–ATCA Analysis Thumbnail


Authors

F. Ruppin

M. McDonald

J. Hlavacek-Larrondo

M. Bayliss

L.E. Bleem

M. Calzadilla

M.D. Filipović

B. Floyd

G. Garmire

G. Khullar

K.J. Kim

R. Kraft

R.P. Norris

A. O’Brien

C.L. Reichardt

T. Somboonpanyakul

A.A. Stark

N. Tothill



Abstract

We analyze the cooling and feedback properties of 48 galaxy clusters at redshifts 0.4 < z < 1.3 selected from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) catalogs to evolve like the progenitors of massive and well-studied systems at z ∼ 0. We estimate the radio power at the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) location of each cluster from an analysis of Australia Telescope Compact Array data. Assuming that the scaling relation between the radio power and active galactic nucleus (AGN) cavity power Pcav observed at low redshift does not evolve with redshift, we use these measurements in order to estimate the expected AGN cavity power in the core of each system. We estimate the X-ray luminosity within the cooling radius Lcool of each cluster from a joint analysis of the available Chandra X-ray and SPT Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) data. This allows us to characterize the redshift evolution of the Pcav/Lcool ratio. When combined with low-redshift results, these constraints enable investigations of the properties of the feedback–cooling cycle across 9 Gyr of cluster growth. We model the redshift evolution of this ratio measured for cool-core clusters by a log-normal distribution $\mathrm{Log}$-${ \mathcal N }(\alpha +\beta z,{\sigma }^{2})$ and constrain the slope of the mean evolution to β = −0.05 ± 0.47. This analysis improves the constraints on the slope of this relation by a factor of two. We find no evidence of redshift evolution of the feedback–cooling equilibrium in these clusters, which suggests that the onset of radio-mode feedback took place at an early stage of cluster formation. High values of Pcav/Lcool are found at the BCG location of noncool-core clusters, which might suggest that the timescales of the AGN feedback cycle and the cool core–noncool core transition are different. This work demonstrates that the joint analysis of radio, SZ, and X-ray data solidifies the investigation of AGN feedback at high redshifts.

Citation

Ruppin, F., McDonald, M., Hlavacek-Larrondo, J., Bayliss, M., Bleem, L., Calzadilla, M., …Tothill, N. (2023). Redshift Evolution of the Feedback–Cooling Equilibrium in the Core of 48 SPT Galaxy Clusters: A Joint Chandra–SPT–ATCA Analysis. Astrophysical Journal, 948(1), Article 49. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc38d

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Mar 11, 2023
Online Publication Date May 5, 2023
Publication Date May 1, 2023
Deposit Date May 23, 2023
Publicly Available Date May 23, 2023
Journal Astrophysical Journal
Print ISSN 0004-637X
Electronic ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher American Astronomical Society
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 948
Issue 1
Article Number 49
DOI https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc38d

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Copyright Statement
Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.





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